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概述：為了分擔讀寫壓力，Redis支持主從復制，Redis的主從結構可以采用一主多從或者級聯結構，Redis主從復制可以根據是否是全量分為全量同步和增量同步。下圖為級聯結構。

同步類型：全量同步、增量同步
1.全量同步：
　　Redis全量復制一般發生在Slave初始化階段，這時Slave需要將Master上的所有數據都復制一份。具體步驟如下：?
　　1）從服務器連接主服務器，發送SYNC命令（從服務器向主服務器初次同步時，不會影響主服務器接收客戶端的請求）；?
　　2）主服務器接收到SYNC命名后，開始執行BGSAVE命令生成RDB文件并使用緩沖區記錄此后執行的所有寫命令；?
　　3）主服務器BGSAVE執行完后，向所有從服務器發送快照文件，并在發送期間繼續記錄被執行的寫命令；?
　　4）從服務器收到快照文件后丟棄所有舊數據，載入收到的快照；?
　　5）主服務器快照發送完畢后開始向從服務器發送緩沖區中的寫命令；?
　　6）從服務器完成對快照的載入，開始接收命令請求，并執行來自主服務器緩沖區的寫命令；?

完成上面幾個步驟后就完成了從服務器數據初始化的所有操作，從服務器此時可以接收來自用戶的讀請求。
2.增量同步：
　　Redis增量復制是指Slave初始化后開始正常工作時主服務器發生的寫操作同步到從服務器的過程。?增量復制的過程主要是主服務器每執行一個寫命令就會向從服務器發送相同的寫命令，從服務器接收并執行收到的寫命令。

同步策略：
主從剛剛連接的時候，進行全量同步；
全同步結束后，進行增量同步。當然，如果有需要，slave 在任何時候都可以發起全量同步。redis 策略是，無論如何，首先會嘗試進行增量同步，如不成功，要求從機進行全量同步。
注：
如果多個Slave斷線了，需要重啟的時候，因為只要Slave啟動，就會發送sync請求和主機全量同步，當多個同時出現的時候，可能會導致Master IO劇增導致宕機。
建議開啟master主服務器的持久化功能，避免出現master重啟后，數據無法恢復；

實驗步驟：
?安裝并配置master角色的redis服務；
?安裝并配置slave角色的redis服務（雙實例）；
?配置master角色的文件；
?配置slave角色的文件；
?驗證主從復制；

[root@master ~]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz [root@master ~]# tar zxvf redis-4.0.9.tar.gz [root@master ~]# cd redis-4.0.9 [root@master redis-4.0.9]# make [root@master redis-4.0.9]# echo $? [root@master redis-4.0.9]# cd [root@master ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/redis [root@master ~]# cp /root/redis-4.0.9/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis/ ##服務端程序 [root@master ~]# cp /root/redis-4.0.9/src/redis-cli /usr/local/redis/ ##客戶端程序 [root@master ~]# cp /root/redis-4.0.9/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/ ##主配置文件 [root@master ~]# ls /usr/local/redis/ redis-cli redis.conf redis-server [root@master ~]# sed -i \\\'/^bind 127.0.0.1$/s/127.0.0.1/192.168.100.101/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf [root@master ~]# sed -i \\\'/protected-mode/s/yes/no/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##關閉redis的保護模式 [root@master ~]# sed -i \\\'/daemonize/s/no/yes/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##開啟redis的后臺守護進程模式 [root@master ~]# sed -i \\\'/requirepass/s/foobared/123123/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##設置redis的密碼為123123 [root@master ~]# sed -i \\\'/requirepass 123123/s/^#//g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##開啟redis的密碼 [root@master ~]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/redis-cli /usr/local/bin/redis [root@master ~]# cat <<END >>/etc/init.d/redis #!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 80 90 # description: Start and Stop redis #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin REDISPORT=6379 EXEC=/usr/local/redis/redis-server REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/redis/redis-cli PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pid CONF=/usr/local/redis/redis.conf AUTH=123123 LISTEN_IP=\\\\$(netstat -utpln |grep redis-server |awk \\\'{print \\\\$4}\\\'|awk -F\\\':\\\' \\\'{print \\\\$1}\\\') case \\\\$1 in start) if [ -f \\\\$PIDFILE ] then echo \\\\$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed else echo Starting Redis server... \\\\$EXEC \\\\$CONF fi if [ \\\\$?=0 ] then echo Redis is running... fi ;; stop) if [ ! -f \\\\$PIDFILE ] then echo \\\\$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running else PID=\\\\$(cat \\\\$PIDFILE) echo Stopping ... \\\\$REDIS_CLI -h \\\\$LISTEN_IP -p \\\\$REDISPORT -a \\\\$AUTH SHUTDOWN while [ -x \\\\${PIDFILE} ] do echo Waiting for Redis to shutdown ... sleep 1 done echo Redis stopped fi ;; restart|force-reload) \\\\${0} stop \\\\${0} start ;; *) echo Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload} >&2 exit 1 esac END [root@master ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/redis [root@master ~]# chkconfig --add redis [root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis start Starting Redis server... 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # Redis version=4.0.9, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=4390, just started 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... [root@master ~]# netstat -utpln |grep redis tcp 0 192.168.100.101:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4204/redis-server * [root@master ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.101 -a 123123 -p 6379 192.168.100.101:6379> exit ?安裝并配置slave角色的redis服務（雙實例）； [root@slave ~]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz [root@slave ~]# tar zxvf redis-4.0.9.tar.gz [root@slave ~]# cd redis-4.0.9 [root@slave redis-4.0.9]# make [root@slave redis-4.0.9]# echo $? [root@slave redis-4.0.9]# cd [root@slave ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/redis [root@slave ~]# cp /root/redis-4.0.9/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis/ ##服務端程序 [root@slave ~]# cp /root/redis-4.0.9/src/redis-cli /usr/local/redis/ ##客戶端程序 [root@slave ~]# cp /root/redis-4.0.9/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/ ##主配置文件 [root@slave ~]# ls /usr/local/redis/ redis-cli redis.conf redis-server [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'/^bind 127.0.0.1$/s/127.0.0.1/192.168.100.102/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'/protected-mode/s/yes/no/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##關閉redis的保護模式 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'/daemonize/s/no/yes/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##開啟redis的后臺守護進程模式 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'/requirepass/s/foobared/123123/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##設置redis的密碼為123123 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'/requirepass 123123/s/^#//g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##開啟redis的密碼 [root@slave ~]# cp /usr/local/redis/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/redis01.conf [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'92s/6379/6380/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis01.conf ##更改監聽端口 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'158s/6379/6380/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis01.conf ##更改PID文件 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'171s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{9\\\\}/logfile \\\\/usr\\\\/local\\\\/redis\\\\/redis01.log/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis01.conf ##更改日志文件位置，9代表舊內容的字節數 [root@slave ~]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/redis-cli /usr/local/bin/redis [root@slave ~]# cat <<END >>/etc/init.d/redis #!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 80 90 # description: Start and Stop redis #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin REDISPORT=6379 EXEC=/usr/local/redis/redis-server REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/redis/redis-cli PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pid CONF=/usr/local/redis/redis.conf AUTH=123123 LISTEN_IP=\\\\$(netstat -utpln |grep redis-server |awk \\\'{print \\\\$4}\\\'|awk -F\\\':\\\' \\\'{print \\\\$1}\\\' |uniq) case \\\\$1 in start) if [ -f \\\\$PIDFILE ] then echo \\\\$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed else echo Starting Redis server... \\\\$EXEC \\\\$CONF fi if [ \\\\$?=0 ] then echo Redis is running... fi ;; stop) if [ ! -f \\\\$PIDFILE ] then echo \\\\$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running else PID=\\\\$(cat \\\\$PIDFILE) echo Stopping ... \\\\$REDIS_CLI -h \\\\$LISTEN_IP -p \\\\$REDISPORT -a \\\\$AUTH SHUTDOWN while [ -x \\\\${PIDFILE} ] do echo Waiting for Redis to shutdown ... sleep 1 done echo Redis stopped fi ;; restart|force-reload) \\\\${0} stop \\\\${0} start ;; *) echo Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload} >&2 exit 1 esac END [root@slave ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/redis [root@slave ~]# chkconfig --add redis [root@slave ~]# cp /etc/init.d/redis /etc/init.d/redis01 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'s/6379/6380/g\\\' /etc/init.d/redis01 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'/CONF=/s/redis.conf/redis01.conf/g\\\' /etc/init.d/redis01 [root@slave ~]# /etc/init.d/redis start Starting Redis server... 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # Redis version=4.0.9, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=4390, just started 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... [root@slave ~]# /etc/init.d/redis01 start Starting Redis server... 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # Redis version=4.0.9, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=4390, just started 4390:C 04 May 02:16:45.232 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... [root@slave ~]# netstat -utpln |grep redis tcp 0 0 192.168.100.102:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11864/redis-server tcp 0 0 192.168.100.102:6380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11877/redis-server [root@ slave ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.102 -a 123123 -p 6379 192.168.100.102:6379> exit [root@ slave ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.102 -a 123123 -p 6380 192.168.100.102:6380> exit ?配置master角色的文件； [root@master ~]# sed -i \\\'450s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{22\\\\}/min-slaves-to-write 2/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##設置slave節點的數量，如果slave節點數量少于此值，那么master節點將停止客戶端的一切寫請求 [root@master ~]# sed -n \\\'451s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{22\\\\}/min-slaves-max-lag 10/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##master與slave之間同步數據的超時時間，若超過此時間，master節點將停止客戶端的一切寫操作 [root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis restart Stopping ... Redis stopped Starting Redis server... 1638:C 15 May 16:32:08.301 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 1638:C 15 May 16:32:08.301 # Redis version=4.0.9, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1638, just started 1638:C 15 May 16:32:08.301 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... ?配置slave角色的文件； [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'281s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{32\\\\}/slaveof 192.168.100.101 6379/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##指定master的ip地址以及端口 [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'288s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{29\\\\}/masterauth 123123/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis.conf ##指定master的連接密碼 [root@slave ~]# /etc/init.d/redis restart /var/run/redis_6379.pid does not exist, process is not running Starting Redis server... 4387:C 18 May 03:24:00.027 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 4387:C 18 May 03:24:00.027 # Redis version=4.0.9, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=4387, just started 4387:C 18 May 03:24:00.027 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'281s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{32\\\\}/slaveof 192.168.100.101 6379/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis01.conf [root@slave ~]# sed -i \\\'288s/^\\\$.\\\$.\\\\{29\\\\}/masterauth 123123/g\\\' /usr/local/redis/redis01.conf [root@slave ~]# /etc/init.d/redis01 restart Stopping ... Redis stopped Starting Redis server... Redis is running... ?驗證主從復制； [root@master ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.101 -a 123123 -p 6379 ##在master節點上創建鍵值對 192.168.100.101:6379> set name xiaoming OK 192.168.100.101:6379> keys * 1) name 192.168.100.101:6379> get name xiaoming 192.168.100.101:6379> info replication ##查看復制信息 # Replication role:master connected_slaves:2 min_slaves_good_slaves:2 slave0:ip=192.168.100.102,port=6380,state=online,offset=522,lag=1 slave1:ip=192.168.100.102,port=6379,state=online,offset=522,lag=1 master_replid:46ec2c7e971d337d060d183d3a0c1313c5dd1683 master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 master_repl_offset:522 second_repl_offset:-1 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1 repl_backlog_histlen:522 192.168.100.101:6379> exit [root@slave ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.102 -p 6379 -a 123123 ##登錄slave節點驗證鍵值同步情況，并測試無法寫入 192.168.100.102:6379> keys * 1) name 192.168.100.102:6379> get name xiaoming 192.168.100.102:6380> set name1 xiaohong (error) READONLY You can\\\'t write against a read only slave. 192.168.100.102:6379> exit [root@slave ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.102 -p 6380 -a 123123 192.168.100.102:6380> keys * 1) name 192.168.100.102:6380> get name xiaoming 192.168.100.102:6380> exit [root@master ~]# reboot ##重啟master節點，驗證redis默認的RDB持久化 [root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis restart [root@master ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.101 -a 123123 -p 6379 192.168.100.101:6379> keys * 1) name 192.168.100.101:6379> exit [root@slave ~]# redis -h 192.168.100.102 -p 6380 -a 123123 192.168.100.102:6380> keys * 1) name 192.168.100.102:6380> get name xiaoming 192.168.100.102:6380> exit

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