調整tomcat的線程參數
編輯server.xml文件
在tomcat配置文件server.xml中的<Connector />配置中，和連接數相關的參數有：
maxThreads=150，表示最多同時處理150個連接,Tomcat使用線程來處理接收的每個請求。這個值表示Tomcat可創建的最大的線程數。默認值200。
minSpareThreads=25，表示即使沒有人使用也開這么多空線程等待
maxSpareThreads=75，表示如果最多可以空75個線程，例如某時刻有80人訪問，之后沒有人訪問了，則tomcat不會保留80個空線程，而是關閉5個空的。 （一旦創建的線程超過這個值，Tomcat就會關閉不再需要的socket線程。默認值50）
acceptCount=100，當同時連接的人數達到maxThreads時，還可以接收排隊的連接數量，超過這個連接的則直接返回拒絕連接。（指定當任何能夠使用的處理請求的線程數都被使用時，能夠放到處理隊列中的請求數，超過這個數的請求將不予處理。默認值100）
其中和最大連接數相關的參數為maxThreads和acceptCount。如果要加大并發連接數，應同時加大這兩個參數。
web server允許的最大連接數還受制于操作系統的內核參數設置，通常Windows是2000個左右，Linux是1000個左右。tomcat5中的配置示例：
<Connector port=8080
maxThreads=150 minSpareThreads=25 maxSpareThreads=75
acceptCount=100/>
主要是調整maxThreads 和acceptCount的值
在tomcat配置文檔server.xml中的配置中，和連接數相關的其他參數有：
enableLookups 是否反查域名，默認值為true。為了提高處理能力，應配置為false
connnectionTimeout 網絡連接超時，默認值60000，單位：毫秒。配置為0表示永不超時，這樣配置有隱患的。通常可配置為30000毫秒。
maxKeepAliveRequests nginx動態的轉給tomcat，nginx是不能keepalive的，而tomcat端默認開啟了keepalive，會等待keepalive的timeout，默認不設置就是使用connectionTimeout。
所以必須設置tomcat的超時時間，并關閉tomcat的keepalive。否則會產生大量tomcat的socket timewait。
maxKeepAliveRequests=1就可以避免tomcat產生大量的TIME_WAIT連接，從而從一定程度上避免tomcat假死。
設置tomcat/conf/server.xml：
maxKeepAliveRequests=1
connectionTimeout=20000
maxKeepAliveRequests=1 ##表示每個連接只響應一次就關閉，這樣就不會等待timeout了
<Connector executor=tomcatThreadPool
port=8080 protocol=HTTP/1.1
connectionTimeout=30000 maxKeepAliveRequests=1
redirectPort=8443 bufferSize=8192 sockedBuffer=65536 acceptCount=200/>
bufferSize 輸入流緩沖大小，默認值2048 bytes。
compression 壓縮傳輸，取值on/off/force，默認值off
貼上我的配置文件：
CATALINA_OPTS=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=12345 -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=10.1.2.131 JAVA_OPTS=-Xms16384m -Xmx16384m -Xloggc:/home/soft/8080_gc.log -Xss256k -Xmn6144m -XX:PermSize=1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m -XX:SurvivorRatio=6 -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=7 -XX: UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX: UseParNewGC -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=0 -XX: UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=60 -XX: CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=90 -XX: PrintGCDetails -XX: PrintGCTimeStamps -XX: PrintHeapAtGC #JAVA_OPTS=-Xms4096m -Xmx16384m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m # OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false. cygwin=false darwin=false os400=false case `uname` in CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;; Darwin*) darwin=true;; OS400*) os400=true;; esac # resolve links - $0 may be a softlink PRG=$0 while [ -h $PRG ]; do ls=`ls -ld $PRG` link=`expr $ls : \\\'.*-> \\\\(.*\\\\)$\\\'` if expr $link : \\\'/.*\\\' > /dev/null; then PRG=$link else PRG=`dirname $PRG`/$link fi done # Get standard environment variables PRGDIR=`dirname $PRG` # Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set [ -z $CATALINA_HOME ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd $PRGDIR/.. >/dev/null; pwd` # Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set [ -z $CATALINA_BASE ] && CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME # Ensure that neither CATALINA_HOME nor CATALINA_BASE contains a colon # as this is used as the separator in the classpath and Java provides no # mechanism for escaping if the same character appears in the path. case $CATALINA_HOME in *:*) echo Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME; echo Unable to start as CATALINA_HOME contains a colon (:) character; exit 1; esac case $CATALINA_BASE in *:*) echo Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE; echo Unable to start as CATALINA_BASE contains a colon (:) character; exit 1; esac # Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup, # but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed. CLASSPATH= if [ -r $CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh ]; then . $CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh elif [ -r $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh ]; then . $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh fi # For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched if $cygwin; then [ -n $JAVA_HOME ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix $JAVA_HOME` [ -n $JRE_HOME ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix $JRE_HOME` [ -n $CATALINA_HOME ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix $CATALINA_HOME` [ -n $CATALINA_BASE ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix $CATALINA_BASE` [ -n $CLASSPATH ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix $CLASSPATH` fi # For OS400 if $os400; then # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs. COMMAND=\\\'chgjob job(\\\'$JOBNAME\\\') runpty(6)\\\' system $COMMAND # Enable multi threading export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y fi # Get standard Java environment variables if $os400; then # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are: # 1. owned by the user # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups . $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh else if [ -r $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then . $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh else echo Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh echo This file is needed to run this program exit 1 fi fi # Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH if [ ! -z $CLASSPATH ] ; then CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH: fi CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar if [ -z $CATALINA_OUT ] ; then CATALINA_OUT=$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out fi if [ -z $CATALINA_TMPDIR ] ; then # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina CATALINA_TMPDIR=$CATALINA_BASE/temp fi # Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath # tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance if [ -r $CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar ] ; then CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar else CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar fi # Bugzilla 37848: When no TTY is available, don\\\'t output to console have_tty=0 if [ `tty` != not a tty ]; then have_tty=1 fi # For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java if $cygwin; then JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows $JAVA_HOME` JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows $JRE_HOME` CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows $CATALINA_HOME` CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows $CATALINA_BASE` CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows $CATALINA_TMPDIR` CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows $CLASSPATH` JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows $JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS` fi # Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued if [ -z $LOGGING_CONFIG ]; then if [ -r $CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties ]; then LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties else # Bugzilla 45585 LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop fi fi if [ -z $LOGGING_MANAGER ]; then LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager fi # Uncomment the following line to make the umask available when using the # org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener #JAVA_OPTS=$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=`umask` # ----- Execute The Requested Command ----------------------------------------- # Bugzilla 37848: only output this if we have a TTY if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE echo Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR if [ $1 = debug ] ; then echo Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME else echo Using JRE_HOME: $JRE_HOME fi echo Using CLASSPATH: $CLASSPATH if [ ! -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then echo Using CATALINA_PID: $CATALINA_PID fi fi if [ $1 = jpda ] ; then if [ -z $JPDA_TRANSPORT ]; then JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket fi if [ -z $JPDA_ADDRESS ]; then JPDA_ADDRESS=localhost:8000 fi if [ -z $JPDA_SUSPEND ]; then JPDA_SUSPEND=n fi if [ -z $JPDA_OPTS ]; then JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND fi CATALINA_OPTS=$JPDA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS shift fi if [ $1 = debug ] ; then if $os400; then echo Debug command not available on OS400 exit 1 else shift if [ $1 = -security ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo Using Security Manager fi shift exec $_RUNJDB $LOGGING_CONFIG $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS -classpath $CLASSPATH \\\\ -sourcepath $CATALINA_HOME/../../java \\\\ -Djava.security.manager \\\\ -Djava.security.policy==$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=$CATALINA_TMPDIR \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ start else exec $_RUNJDB $LOGGING_CONFIG $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS -classpath $CLASSPATH \\\\ -sourcepath $CATALINA_HOME/../../java \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=$CATALINA_TMPDIR \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ start fi fi elif [ $1 = run ]; then shift if [ $1 = -security ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo Using Security Manager fi shift eval exec \\\\$_RUNJAVA\\\\ \\\\$LOGGING_CONFIG\\\\ $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\\\\$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\\\\ -classpath \\\\$CLASSPATH\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.security.manager \\\\ -Djava.security.policy==\\\\$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=\\\\$CATALINA_BASE\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=\\\\$CATALINA_HOME\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\\\\$CATALINA_TMPDIR\\\\ \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ start else eval exec \\\\$_RUNJAVA\\\\ \\\\$LOGGING_CONFIG\\\\ $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\\\\$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\\\\ -classpath \\\\$CLASSPATH\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=\\\\$CATALINA_BASE\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=\\\\$CATALINA_HOME\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\\\\$CATALINA_TMPDIR\\\\ \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ start fi elif [ $1 = start ] ; then if [ ! -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then if [ -f $CATALINA_PID ]; then if [ -s $CATALINA_PID ]; then echo Existing PID file found during start. if [ -r $CATALINA_PID ]; then PID=`cat $CATALINA_PID` ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted. echo If the following process is not a Tomcat process, remove the PID file and try again: ps -f -p $PID exit 1 else echo Removing/clearing stale PID file. rm -f $CATALINA_PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w $CATALINA_PID ]; then cat /dev/null > $CATALINA_PID else echo Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted. exit 1 fi fi fi else echo Unable to read PID file. Start aborted. exit 1 fi else rm -f $CATALINA_PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ ! -w $CATALINA_PID ]; then echo Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted. exit 1 fi fi fi fi fi shift touch $CATALINA_OUT if [ $1 = -security ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo Using Security Manager fi shift eval \\\\$_RUNJAVA\\\\ \\\\$LOGGING_CONFIG\\\\ $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\\\\$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\\\\ -classpath \\\\$CLASSPATH\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.security.manager \\\\ -Djava.security.policy==\\\\$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=\\\\$CATALINA_BASE\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=\\\\$CATALINA_HOME\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\\\\$CATALINA_TMPDIR\\\\ \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ start \\\\ >> $CATALINA_OUT 2>&1 & else eval \\\\$_RUNJAVA\\\\ \\\\$LOGGING_CONFIG\\\\ $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\\\\$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\\\\ -classpath \\\\$CLASSPATH\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=\\\\$CATALINA_BASE\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=\\\\$CATALINA_HOME\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\\\\$CATALINA_TMPDIR\\\\ \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ start \\\\ >> $CATALINA_OUT 2>&1 & fi if [ ! -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then echo $! > $CATALINA_PID fi echo Tomcat started. elif [ $1 = stop ] ; then shift SLEEP=5 if [ ! -z $1 ]; then echo $1 | grep [^0-9] >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then SLEEP=$1 shift fi fi FORCE=0 if [ $1 = -force ]; then shift FORCE=1 fi if [ ! -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then if [ -f $CATALINA_PID ]; then if [ -s $CATALINA_PID ]; then kill -0 `cat $CATALINA_PID` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted. exit 1 fi else echo PID file is empty and has been ignored. fi else echo \\\\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted. exit 1 fi fi eval \\\\$_RUNJAVA\\\\ $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\\\\$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\\\\ -classpath \\\\$CLASSPATH\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=\\\\$CATALINA_BASE\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=\\\\$CATALINA_HOME\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\\\\$CATALINA_TMPDIR\\\\ \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap $@ stop # stop failed. Shutdown port disabled? Try a normal kill. if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ ! -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then echo The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal. kill -15 `cat $CATALINA_PID` >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi if [ ! -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then if [ -f $CATALINA_PID ]; then while [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; do kill -0 `cat $CATALINA_PID` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then rm -f $CATALINA_PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w $CATALINA_PID ]; then cat /dev/null > $CATALINA_PID # If Tomcat has stopped don\\\'t try and force a stop with an empty PID file FORCE=0 else echo The PID file could not be removed or cleared. fi fi echo Tomcat stopped. break fi if [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; then sleep 1 fi if [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; then echo Tomcat did not stop in time. if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then echo PID file was not removed. fi echo To aid diagnostics a thread dump has been written to standard out. kill -3 `cat $CATALINA_PID` fi SLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 ` done fi fi KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5 if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then if [ -z $CATALINA_PID ]; then echo Kill failed: \\\\$CATALINA_PID not set else if [ -f $CATALINA_PID ]; then PID=`cat $CATALINA_PID` echo Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID kill -9 $PID while [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; do kill -0 `cat $CATALINA_PID` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then rm -f $CATALINA_PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w $CATALINA_PID ]; then cat /dev/null > $CATALINA_PID else echo The PID file could not be removed. fi fi echo The Tomcat process has been killed. break fi if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then sleep 1 fi KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 ` done if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -lt 0 ]; then echo Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE. fi fi fi fi elif [ $1 = configtest ] ; then eval \\\\$_RUNJAVA\\\\ $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \\\\ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\\\\$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\\\\ -classpath \\\\$CLASSPATH\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.base=\\\\$CATALINA_BASE\\\\ \\\\ -Dcatalina.home=\\\\$CATALINA_HOME\\\\ \\\\ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\\\\$CATALINA_TMPDIR\\\\ \\\\ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap configtest result=$? if [ $result -ne 0 ]; then echo Configuration error detected! fi exit $result elif [ $1 = version ] ; then $_RUNJAVA \\\\ -classpath $CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar \\\\ org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo else echo Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... ) echo commands: if $os400; then echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400) echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400) else echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager fi echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger echo run Start Catalina in the current window echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager echo start Start Catalina in a separate window echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager echo stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end echo stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end echo stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running echo stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running echo configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result echo version What version of tomcat are you running? echo Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that \\\\$CATALINA_PID is defined exit 1 fi
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