1.安裝JDK
下載的jdk文件為:jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin,執行如下命令進行安裝:
#./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin
2.安裝tomcat:
#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz #mv apache-tomcat-6.0.29 tomcat
這里我將解壓后的apache-tomcat-6.0.29重命名為了tomcat方便操作。
3.配置環境變量:
編輯/etc下的profile文件,加上如下內容:
JAVA_HOME="/opt/app/jdk1.6.0_45" CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib" PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin" CATALINA_HOME="/opt/app/tomcat" export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
執行下面命令使變更生效:
# source /etc/profile
啟動tomcat并輸入http://domain:8080,如果看到貓的頁面即tomcat和jdk安裝成功
新建文件目錄/home/www為網站存放目錄,設置server.xml文件,在Host name=”localhost”處將appBase=的指向路徑改為/home/www/web
創建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT,內容為:“hello!”? 重新啟動tomcat,重新訪問,如果看到index.jsp文件內容hello!表示設置成功。
4.安裝Nginx
執行如下命令解壓nginx:
# tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz # mv nginx-1.4.4 nginx
同樣重命名了一下。
安裝nginx:
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx
結果出現了錯誤:error: C compiler cc is not found,按網上所說安裝編譯源碼所需的工具和庫:
#yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl
再次安裝,發現還有錯誤:the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
執行
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
終于成功,
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx # make # make install
nginx安裝成功后的安裝目錄為/opt/app/nginx
二、Nginx方面的配置
在/usr/local/目錄下分別安裝nginx和tomcat
為nginx添加conf.d目錄,用于各項目的配置,比如新建renhetoutiao.conf文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;
root /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;
access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;
location = / {
rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;
}
location ~ .shtml {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {
expires 1h;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;
root /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;
access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;
location = / {
rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;
}
location ~ .shtml {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {
expires 1h;
}
}
對nginx的conf/nginx.conf修改,第二行 user root,賦予nginx root權限,在http中添加 include /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
選擇一個項目如renhetoutiao, 目錄/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/
三、Tomcat方面的配置
catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml server.xml web.xml
這5個配置文件就可以啟動一個tomcat實例,其中server.xml是必須配置的。
catalina.policy catalina.properties web.xml 可以使用默認的,可以從安裝路徑copy,context.xml tomcat-users.xml可以不用。
所以每個項目我們只需要配置server.xml, 如renhetoutiao項目的配置
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
因為使用nginx,tomcat的ajp不會使用,所以可以去掉,tomcat可以這樣簡單配置。注意每個項目的連接端口和關閉端口,不要有重復。
因為tomcat回去加載指定路徑下得class lib,所以必須把配置、依賴等copy至web下,啟動腳本bin/startup,關閉腳本bin/shutdown 如下:
#!/bin/sh
export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"
export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"
#啟動為適配tomcat目錄做的準備
#遷移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xml
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then
mkdir logs
fi
#準備classes和lib目錄
CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes
LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib
rm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"
rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"
#啟動時會記錄進程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid內
#shutdown時強制關閉該進程
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh
export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"
export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"
#啟動為適配tomcat目錄做的準備
#遷移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xml
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then
mkdir logs
fi
#準備classes和lib目錄
CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes
LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib
rm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"
rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"
#啟動時會記錄進程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid內
#shutdown時強制關閉該進程
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD" export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh #!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD" export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
通過tomcat的startup.sh腳本,會碰到項目中分配的線程沒有及時釋放,tomcat不能及時關閉,導致重啟時產生端口沖突
解決方案:強制關閉tomcat進程,kill -9 PID,執行腳本需要啟動時記錄各個tomcat實例的進程,這里將進程PID保存在項目的logs目錄下。
記錄PID的操作需要修改tomcat安裝目錄下 bin/catalina.sh腳本
在PRGDIR=dirname “$PRG”后面加上
TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid" if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" fi TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid" if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" fi
最后需要給項目用戶可執行權限 chmod 777 catalina.sh